Author-reported final EHI in arXiv v1 (30 October 2026). Cross-play aggregates, opponent-specific results, ablations and sequential windows have distinct protocols.
From dialogue to executed trade
Six synthetic countries negotiate tariff and trade-share terms. A five-year episode contains 20 quarterly transitions and opens negotiation every four quarters. Proposals must pass party, product, direction and feasibility checks before signing changes the state; limited export capacity can still prevent promised delivery.
TradeWar paper v1 — protocols and publisher results · TradeWar official repository
EHI measures terminal outcomes
The primary score is final-quarter Economic Health Index, displayed on the paper’s 0–100 point scale. It weights normalized GDP growth and trade balance at 0.20 each, and unemployment, inflation, export completion and import completion at 0.15 each. Agreement rate, GDP growth and target completion are separate diagnostics, not substitutes for EHI.
TradeWar paper v1 — protocols and publisher results · TradeWar official EHI definition
Matched agents and opponents
The baseline study runs 100 games with three-versus-three assignments and five episodes per ordered matchup. All LLM agents use GPT-4o-mini, temperature 0.3, max_tokens 1000 and a shared structured CoT interface. Random and RuleBased use no LLM. Rows retain the opponent pool or named opponent instead of treating framework differences as new base-model capabilities.
Keep sequential learning separate
Against fixed PromptLLM, each method runs 20 sequential episodes over three seeds. TACTIC persists settlement-driven guidance; TACTIC-static and MemoryLLM reset between episodes. The paper reports early and late three-episode means. Separate stress tests use 12 paired-mirror episodes per condition, so their baselines differ from the main cross-play table.
Interpret the simulator cautiously
EHI is a fixed benchmark aggregate, not welfare, a forecast or real-world policy advice. Country roles, score weights and delayed feedback favor particular strategies; the environment and TACTIC were introduced together. One LLM backbone and modest episode budgets do not establish a universal agent ranking.
TradeWar paper v1 — protocols and publisher results · TradeWar official EHI definition
What the public artifact actually includes
The author repository is reachable, but its Artifact Scope explicitly excludes TACTIC, LLM baselines, full experiment runners and generated result logs. It describes support for benchmark mechanics and non-LLM reference policies, not reproduction of all paper experiments. We preserve the paper’s numbers as publisher reports and link this boundary directly.
TradeWar official artifact inclusion and exclusion scope · TradeWar paper v1 — protocols and publisher results
Main cross-play results
Table 2 aggregates the same 100-game opponent pool. Agreement, GDP and target metrics are retained alongside the primary final EHI.
| Agent | Agreement % | Final EHI ×100 | GDP % | Target % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random | 15 | 38.4 | -0.6 | 9.2 |
| RuleBased | 35 | 46.9 | 0.5 | 28.4 |
| PromptLLM | 75 | 57.1 | 1.3 | 43.6 |
| MemoryLLM | 80 | 60.2 | 2.1 | 54.8 |
| TACTIC | 85 | 68.8 | 4.0 | 71.3 |
No-shock baseline, 3v3 countries, five years/20 quarters. All LLM agents share GPT-4o-mini, temperature 0.3 and max_tokens 1000; Random and RuleBased use no LLM.
Cumulative module ablation
Table 3 adds modules cumulatively under the baseline cross-play protocol. The final Full TACTIC row repeats the main table’s TACTIC result and is not duplicated in primary observations.
| Configuration | Final EHI ×100 | GDP % | Target % |
|---|---|---|---|
| No adaptive modules | 51.6 | 0.8 | 32.1 |
| + Experience Memory | 55.3 | 1.4 | 38.7 |
| + Opponent Modeling | 59.0 | 1.9 | 47.4 |
| TACTIC w/o Reflection (memory + opponent + planning) | 63.9 | 2.7 | 56.2 |
| Full TACTIC (+ structured reflection) | 68.8 | 4.0 | 71.3 |
Effects depend on module addition order. The zero-module row retains the shared CoT/action-stage scaffold; it is not a renamed PromptLLM baseline.
Opponent-conditioned cross-play
Figure 4 gives twenty off-diagonal pairings. The focal agent and opponent each control three countries; these conditional results are not overall scores.
| Focal agent | Opponent | Final EHI ×100 (sample SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Random | RuleBased | 47.2 (sample SD 4.1) |
| Random | PromptLLM | 41.5 (sample SD 2.8) |
| Random | MemoryLLM | 34.8 (sample SD 3.6) |
| Random | TACTIC | 30.1 (sample SD 2.3) |
| RuleBased | Random | 54.9 (sample SD 3.2) |
| RuleBased | PromptLLM | 47.3 (sample SD 4.8) |
| RuleBased | MemoryLLM | 47.8 (sample SD 2.6) |
| RuleBased | TACTIC | 37.6 (sample SD 3.9) |
| PromptLLM | Random | 72.6 (sample SD 5.1) |
| PromptLLM | RuleBased | 52.4 (sample SD 4.4) |
| PromptLLM | MemoryLLM | 58.0 (sample SD 3.3) |
| PromptLLM | TACTIC | 45.4 (sample SD 4.2) |
| MemoryLLM | Random | 62.8 (sample SD 2.9) |
| MemoryLLM | RuleBased | 65.4 (sample SD 4.6) |
| MemoryLLM | PromptLLM | 58.3 (sample SD 3.8) |
| MemoryLLM | TACTIC | 54.3 (sample SD 2.4) |
| TACTIC | Random | 75.9 (sample SD 3.1) |
| TACTIC | RuleBased | 63.1 (sample SD 4.0) |
| TACTIC | PromptLLM | 71.2 (sample SD 2.7) |
| TACTIC | MemoryLLM | 65.0 (sample SD 3.5) |
Five episodes per ordered matchup. Exact numbers were read from the author heatmap; same-agent matchups are excluded.
Sequential-study endpoints
Section 5.2 explicitly reports these early/late three-episode means. The opponent and assignment remain fixed; these values do not share the cross-play opponent pool.
| Agent | Episode window | Mean final EHI ×100 |
|---|---|---|
| TACTIC-static | 1-3 | 58.4 |
| TACTIC | 1-3 | 58.2 |
| MemoryLLM | 18-20 | 62.5 |
| TACTIC-static | 18-20 | 65.2 |
| TACTIC | 18-20 | 73.2 |
Three independent seeds, 20 episodes per method per seed, fixed PromptLLM opponent. TACTIC persists updates; TACTIC-static and MemoryLLM reset between episodes. Unlabelled curve coordinates are not estimated.
Relative drop under shocks
Section 5.2 reports relative EHI declines using each agent’s own matched no-shock stress-test baseline. A smaller percentage drop means less degradation, not a higher absolute EHI.
| Agent | Technology controls: drop % | Energy crisis: drop % |
|---|---|---|
| TACTIC | 16.7 | 25.3 |
| MemoryLLM | 29.6 | 38.1 |
| PromptLLM | 32.2 | 42.3 |
Twelve paired-mirror episodes per condition (six seeds and reversed assignments). Relative drops are a different metric; no absolute EHI is reconstructed from these percentages.